What is a catechism?

A catechism is a summary or exposition of Christian doctrine, traditionally used for religious instruction. The word catechism comes from the Greek word katecheo, meaning “to instruct” or “to teach orally.” This method of teaching has deep biblical roots. In Luke 1:4, Luke writes to Theophilus, saying, “That you may have certainty concerning the things you have been taught” (ESV), using the Greek word katechethes, which refers to being instructed in the faith. Similarly, Galatians 6:6 says, “Let the one who is taught the word share all good things with the one who teaches” (ESV), again using the same root word.

Catechisms are typically structured in a question-and-answer format, making them easy to memorize and recite. This format has been especially helpful in teaching children and new believers the foundational truths of the Christian faith. While catechisms are often associated with Roman Catholicism, many Protestant traditions also developed their own catechisms during the Reformation. Examples include the Heidelberg Catechism (1563) and the Westminster Shorter and Larger Catechisms (1647), which are still used in many Reformed churches today.

The purpose of a catechism is to provide a systematic and accessible way to learn the essential doctrines of Scripture. Topics often include the nature of God, the Trinity, the Ten Commandments, the Apostles’ Creed, the Lord’s Prayer, the ordinances, and salvation through Jesus Christ. While catechisms are not inspired Scripture, they can be valuable tools for teaching biblical truth in a clear and organized manner. They serve as a guide to help believers understand what the Bible teaches and how to live in obedience to God.

The Bible emphasizes the importance of sound teaching and passing on the faith. Paul exhorted Timothy, “Follow the pattern of the sound words that you have heard from me, in the faith and love that are in Christ Jesus” (2 Timothy 1:13, ESV). He also instructed, “What you have heard from me in the presence of many witnesses entrust to faithful men who will be able to teach others also” (2 Timothy 2:2, ESV). Used properly, catechisms can help fulfill this biblical mandate by preserving and transmitting sound doctrine from one generation to the next.

While not a substitute for Scripture, a catechism can be a helpful aid in learning and defending the truths of the Christian faith Jude verse 3 declares that we are called to “contend for the faith that was once for all delivered to the saints” (Jude 1:3, ESV).