What is meant by “eternity past”?

Both Scripture and science assert the beginning of the universe. The timeless mystery before the world’s creation is often described using the term eternity past. Speaking of “eternity past” is particularly common in theological contexts as a way to portray the eternal existence of God.

The expression eternity past is not explicitly found in Scripture, but closely related terms convey the same idea. For example, Paul proclaimed that God “chose us in him before the foundations of the world, that we should be holy and blameless before him” (Ephesians 1:4, ESV). Peter also speaks of Jesus being “foreknown before the foundation of the world” (1 Peter 1:20, ESV). The “time” “before the foundation of the world” speaks of an eternity past.

What occurred in eternity past? We have few details, but certain passages offer clues. The eternal, Triune God existed in loving community of Father, Son, and Spirit (John 17:24). God’s complex plans and purpose were established before creation, likely accounting for all “risks” and possibilities (Isaiah 46:9–10; Psalm 33:11). Included in His plan was the sacrifice of the Lamb (Revelation 13:8). In eternity past, the sovereign God chose us in Christ while still allowing for free choices, including our decision to believe in Christ (see Romans 8:29–30). God also predestined in eternity past that everyone who believes in Christ will become like Jesus (Romans 8:29) and be rich in good works (Ephesians 2:10). Further, God’s kingdom was prepared in eternity past (Matthew 25:34).

Our finite, time-bound knowledge cannot fully grasp the relationship between an eternal existence and temporal living. For that reason, it is impossible to understand how the free choices we make in time fall within God’s sovereign plan in eternity past. However, in contemplating God’s preexistence in eternity past, we gain both humility and confidence in God’s sovereignty. There is no boasting in our achievements or identity in Christ because we know that salvation points back to God. He gets the glory for everything. Pride dies a natural death as we weigh the fact of God’s control over everything. Our confidence stems from the assurance that we will be conformed to Christ’s image and God will complete what He started. As Paul stated, “He who began a good work in you will carry it on to completion until the day of Christ Jesus” (Philippians 1:6).

It’s also worth emphasizing that our Lord Jesus was present in eternity past. In the beginning, the Word was already there (John 1:1), a fact that affirms His deity. Contrary to what some sects and religions claim, the Son was not created. Instead, creation, redemption, and the restoration of all things are fulfilled through Him. No one who hopes in Christ will be put to shame.